Massively

Ragnarok Online 2 is now available at a Steam store near you

Elisabeth Cardy — Thu, 02 May 2013 16:00:00 EST

Filed under: Fantasy, Launches, New Titles, News Items, Free-to-Play

Ragnarok Online 2 hit Steam yesterday, to the undoubted delight of Midgardians everywhere. The game brings back some of the mainstays of the original: Familiar classes, pets, cards, and other systems have all been included in the sequel. A lot of what makes Midgard home to players is available; it just happens to be returning in an updated and immersive 3-D world.

Ragnarok Online 2 is a free-to-play title and will be supported by item shop transactions. You can catch videos of the game on its Steam page.

[Thanks to groovy webizen Eric for the tip!]

Ragnarok Online 2 is now available at a Steam store near you originally appeared on Massively on Thu, 02 May 2013 16:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments

Ragnarok Online 2 schedules closed beta events

Justin Olivetti — Fri, 07 Dec 2012 21:00:00 EST

Filed under: Betas, Fantasy, Events (In-Game), Free-to-Play

Starting today, Gravity's Ragnarok Online 2 is throwing several closed beta events as the studio tests this fantasy-themed sequel. The events take place from December 7th through the 12th, opening up the game during a good chunk of each day.

To encourage players to test the title, Gravity has plenty of activities and rewards in store for loyal participants. Testers can reserve their open beta names, win costumes and titles, snag real-life prizes, and meet GMs in-game.

If you're in the closed beta, definitely sound off below and let us know what you think about Ragnarok Online 2!

[Thanks to Ivan for the tip!]

Ragnarok Online 2 schedules closed beta events originally appeared on Massively on Fri, 07 Dec 2012 21:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments

Ragnarok Online 2 trailer shows off upcoming Colosseum

MJ Guthrie — Fri, 21 Sep 2012 11:00:00 EST

Filed under: Fantasy, Trailers, Game Mechanics, PvP, News Items, PvE, Miscellaneous

Why settle for PvP or PvE when you can have a mixture of both, Colosseum-style? Ragnarok Online 2: Legend of the Second will be getting an update early next week that introduces a Colosseum where players will engage other players as well as monsters simultaneously. Besides the chance to earn a last-man-standing trophy from besting the entire field, participants can earn PvP points to use for purchasing PvP gear. Check out a preview of the Colosseum in the video after the break.

Gravity's sequel to Ragnarok Online, Legend of the Second, is not available in NA or EU versions.

Continue reading Ragnarok Online 2 trailer shows off upcoming Colosseum

Ragnarok Online 2 trailer shows off upcoming Colosseum originally appeared on Massively on Fri, 21 Sep 2012 11:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments

Ragnarok Online's War of Emperium event launches August 7th

MJ Guthrie — Fri, 03 Aug 2012 13:00:00 EST

Filed under: Fantasy, Events (In-Game), Patches, PvP, News Items, PvE, Free-to-Play

Although Ragnarok Online recently introduced a classic server for fans who wanted to play the free-to-play fantasy game just like it was in the old days, that hasn't stopped Gravity Interactive from expanding and updating the game on the other servers. And one of those updates is the War of Emperium event that is set to launch on August 7th.

In this new update, cracks in reality have appeared deep within the Halls of Abyss and an entrance to the Unknown Dimension has been discovered. Players will compete for these rare and coveted dimensional cracks. Producer Jason Koerperich states, "This WoE update is just the thing to spark that community competition! The new War of Emperium is a combined PvP and PvE mechanic that will pit players against each other in new ways."

Players can keep an eye on the official facebook page for full details on the events as the week unfolds.

[Source: Gravity Interactive press release]

Ragnarok Online's War of Emperium event launches August 7th originally appeared on Massively on Fri, 03 Aug 2012 13:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments

Free for All: The old becomes new on Ragnarok's classic server

Beau Hindman — Wed, 04 Jul 2012 16:00:00 EST

Filed under: Fantasy, Events (In-Game), Game Mechanics, Interviews, Launches, Previews, Free-to-Play, Interviews (Massively's), Free for All, Anniversaries

Ragnarok Online might seem very familiar to many of my readers. In fact, if you are from a certain age group, the group that grew up with the internet instead of watching it come into being while you were already living on your own, you might have played Ragnarok Online. I can often tell a Ragnarok fan as well. They're OK with the grind as long is it pays off in the end, and they usually have a pretty exact way of looking at MMOs. I have yet to find a Ragnarok player who is over 30 and who roleplays more than anything.

In other words, Ragnarok has affected almost an entire generation of MMO gamers. Personally, I always enjoyed the graphics of the game when I got a few chances to play it, but the overwhelming world and gameplay was a bit too much, and I didn't really enjoy the entire experience.

Well, good news for me! I can now roll on a brand-new, old-school server that promises to be more like something from the early days of the game. The best news? All players will start off on the same page.

Want to know more? Keep reading because I sat in on a conference call with Ragnarok producer Jason Koerperich to talk about all of the changes.

Continue reading Free for All: The old becomes new on Ragnarok's classic server

Free for All: The old becomes new on Ragnarok's classic server originally appeared on Massively on Wed, 04 Jul 2012 16:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments

Ragnarok Online classic server coming on June 29th

Jef Reahard — Thu, 28 Jun 2012 14:00:00 EST

Filed under: Fantasy, Sci-Fi, Game Mechanics, MMO Industry, News Items, Free-to-Play

If you're a Ragnarok Online fan who is prone to nostalgia, you'll be happy to know that Gravity Interactive has just announced a new initiative bound to put a smile on your face. The firm is gearing up to deploy a new classic server that uses all of "the original game settings and physics."

Gravity says that the Ragnarok community has been asking for a throw-back shard for years. Now that it's here, fans of the 10-year-old title can choose between the current version and "its more simple and classic form." Ragnarok originally launched in Korea in August of 2002 before coming to North America in June 2003.

The new server is scheduled to go live on Friday, June 29th.

[Source: Gravity Interactive press release]

Ragnarok Online classic server coming on June 29th originally appeared on Massively on Thu, 28 Jun 2012 14:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments

Ragnarok Online celebrates its ninth anniversary in style

Shawn Schuster — Fri, 01 Jun 2012 13:00:00 EST

Filed under: Fantasy, Sci-Fi, Events (In-Game), Miscellaneous, Anniversaries

Celebrating the anniversary of Ragnarok Online isn't a new thing -- the team at Gravity Interactive has been doing it every year -- but to help ring in the MMO's ninth anniversary, the publisher is throwing what it calls "one of the biggest in-game celebrations to date for RO veterans!"

The theme this year is "Where the Old Meets the New," thrown in celebration of the defeat of the Demon Satan Morroc and the discovery of the New World.

Sound like fun to you? Then head over to the game's main site to sign up or visit the game's Facebook page to join the community.

[Source: Gravity Interactive press release]

Ragnarok Online celebrates its ninth anniversary in style originally appeared on Massively on Fri, 01 Jun 2012 13:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments

Ragnarok Online update introduces the town of Port Malaya

Matt Daniel — Wed, 16 May 2012 16:30:00 EST

Filed under: Fantasy, Patches, News Items, Free-to-Play

It's been over a year since we heard anything from Gravity Interactive's long-running title Ragnarok Online, but today, the silence has been broken. The studio has announced the game's newest content update, which will allow players to visit the paradisiacal Port Malaya, where "the water's always warm and the monsters are always dangerous."

Players level 100 and up will find plenty to do in the new port town, such as "dozens of new quests, including an entire suite of daily tasks to perform." New dungeons also await in Port Malaya, and with new dungeons comes new gear and a new tattoo system that will grant players permanent buffs. Players will need all the power they can get to square off against the myriad new MVP Monsters that inhabit the wilds of Port Malaya. More details on the update can be found on Ragnarok Online's official site, so head on over there and set sail for Port Malaya.

[Source: Gravity Interactive press release]

Ragnarok Online update introduces the town of Port Malaya originally appeared on Massively on Wed, 16 May 2012 16:30:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments

Legend of Galasia closed beta begins May 16th

Matt Daniel — Fri, 06 May 2011 14:00:00 EST

Filed under: Betas, Fantasy, New Titles, News Items

Developer FUN YOURS' new 2-D MMORPG Legend of Galasia is gearing up for closed beta. Billed as the "longest running RPG series in Taiwan," the game is a 2-D, sickeningly cute anime-style MMORPG in the vein of Ragnarok Online. Present information is fairly sparse, but features of the game appear to include a multi-classing system, huge guild-vs.-guild PvP battles, guild housing, and more. If any of this piques your interest, head on over to the Legend of Galasia official site by May 16th, when the beta testing is anticipated to begin.

Legend of Galasia closed beta begins May 16th originally appeared on Massively on Fri, 06 May 2011 14:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments

Ragnarok Online goes free-to-play

Justin Olivetti — Thu, 07 Apr 2011 09:30:00 EST

Filed under: Fantasy, Business Models, MMO Industry, Free-to-Play

Ragnarok Online's been pretty quiet following its Renewal update last year, but the free-to-play train is now passing through town and it looks as though the game is hopping aboard for the ride.

Gravity Interactive has announced that it is dropping the subscription model from Ragnarok Online effective immediately. The company encourages new and returning players interested in this F2P format to make their home on the Yggdrasil or Valkyrie servers.

The company is also offering a premium VIP subscription package for players looking to turbo-boost their advancement. VIP players not only have the option to play on a VIP-only server (Ymir) but will also benefit from a 50% increase in experience gain, loot drops, more storage, a lessened death penalty, access to special areas, and the full use of all nine character slots.

If this low, low cost of entry tempts you to check out the game, all it takes to play is a free Warp Portal account through the official website.

Ragnarok Online goes free-to-play originally appeared on Massively on Thu, 07 Apr 2011 09:30:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments

MV Guide: January 31 - February 7, 2011

Rubi Bayer — Mon, 31 Jan 2011 09:00:00 EST

Filed under: Video, Massively Meta, Livestream, Miscellaneous, MV Guide

MV Guide is a weekly rundown of the MMO gaming events planned on Massively's Livestream channel.

Every week the Massively staff logs in to play various MMOs live and in person, and we'd love for you to drop by the channel and visit. We have a combination of regular weekly games and new surprises, so you'll find a variety of games to take a look at. During Livestream events, you can participate in the live chat to learn about the game, ask questions, and spend some time with Massively staff and readers.

If you missed out some of our Livestream events from last week, check out our on-demand videos to catch up at your leisure. We had a busy week! Karen and her guild did some raiding in EverQuest II, Rubi and the Massively Overpowered guild did some damage in Guild Wars' Factions campaign, Larry played some DCUO, Krystalle took to the skies in Black Prophecy, Beau treated us to some Asheron's Call, and Shawn explored some of the awesome features of Champions Online.

Do you have a game you'd love to see on our Livestream channel? Let us know in the comments section. For now, if you're looking to check out some new games or see your favorite game from a new perspective, follow along after the cut for this week's installment of MV Guide!

Continue reading MV Guide: January 31 - February 7, 2011

MV Guide: January 31 - February 7, 2011 originally appeared on Massively on Mon, 31 Jan 2011 09:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments

Ragnarok Online brings new updates to Renewal

Rubi Bayer — Sun, 17 Oct 2010 13:00:00 EST

Filed under: Fantasy, Events (In-Game), Free-to-Play

Ragnarok Online fans have something new to enjoy lately thanks to the recent content update, Renewal.

Renewal has been bringing some exciting events to the game, including the race to 150. The first 10 players to reach the current level cap of 150 will receive a a "Hall of Honor interview, and a free upgrade of their most important leveling item to +11."

The developers aren't done with the surprises, though. They'll be taking feedback on Renewal in the coming weeks, and you'll find even more updates, changes, and additions to the game as time goes by. For now, make sure you check out the lore behind Renewal and all the details on the Race to 150!

Ragnarok Online brings new updates to Renewal originally appeared on Massively on Sun, 17 Oct 2010 13:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments

Ragnarok Online II scrapped, new Ragnarok Online II takes its place

Krystalle Voecks — Fri, 02 Jul 2010 10:00:00 EST

Filed under: Betas, New Titles, News Items, Free-to-Play

It's always a difficult decision to take a game that you've put a ton of work into already and scrap it. Sometimes, no matter what developers dream up, it just turns out to be nowhere nearly as fun as originally intended. While we don't know the specifics on what precisely made Gravity Interactive change directions on Ragnarok Online II, news has come down the wire that they have nonetheless decided to heavily alter the direction they were headed in and instead deliver a true sequel to Ragnarok Online. The new version of Ragnarok Online II, now subtitled "Legend of the Second" will offer players familiar systems from the first game, only this time in an updated, immersive 3D world.

Gone are the chibi graphics of the initial design in favor of more mature-looking characters. Gone too is the character-based weapon leveling system, the new leveling system, and unfamiliar races. Back in the mix are all the things that players enjoyed about the original Ragnarok Online: pets, cards, familiar classes, and more. This new version will launch into closed beta in Asia on August 31, 2010, with no specific date for the Western crossover at this time. Still, it warms our hearts when a gaming company is willing to make the hard choice and change direction -- making a game enjoyable, rather than sticking to the original plan and sacrificing fun.

[Via iRo Wiki forums]
[Thanks Coldbrand!]

Ragnarok Online II scrapped, new Ragnarok Online II takes its place originally appeared on Massively on Fri, 02 Jul 2010 10:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Read | Permalink | Email this | Comments

Ragnarok merges and renews

Justin Olivetti — Mon, 19 Apr 2010 09:00:00 EST

Filed under: Fantasy, Ragnarok Online

When worlds collide, continents shift and several unsuspecting people get smooshed between it all. When servers collide, the results can be both good and bad. Ragnarok Online has just announced that they are merging a few of their premium servers into a brand-new one, bringing with them all the current residents of Chaos, Loki and Iris. While there is no definite date for this event, the official merger FAQ pinpoints it down to this week.

Because of the merger, all guilds on the three previous servers will be dissolved and need to be recreated, although the Ragnarok team has created a "pre-list" for the purpose of staving off name sniping. "God items" will be broken back down into their component parts, which will require work to reconstruct them. Finally, all character names following the merge will be somewhat temporary until the GM team can figure out if there are any naming conflicts or not.

While server mergers can be unsettling, Ragnarok has a bit of upbeat news for players with their "Renewal" revamp, designed to eliminate a few glaring flaws and smooth over the entire gaming experience. Finally, players are encouraged to participate in Ragnarok's Dragon Hunting event during the entire month of May.

Ragnarok merges and renews originally appeared on Massively on Mon, 19 Apr 2010 09:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments

Ragnarok Online cares and wants to give you free play time for being laid off

Seraphina Brennan — Fri, 25 Dec 2009 18:00:00 EST

Filed under: Fantasy, Business Models, Events (Real-World), MMO Industry, Ragnarok Online

Now that's some title, isn't it? Yet, the title doesn't lie -- Gravity Interactive does care and they do want to give their subscribers who have been laid off some free play time.

If you were a subscriber on Ragnarok Online International as of June 1st and you've lost your job on or after June 1st, then you're eligible for the new "Gravity Cares" program. All you need to do is simply fill out a short form to prove that you've lost your job and then send it over to Gravity via regular mail. Once they approve the form, you'll get a free three month subscription to Ragnarok Online so you can keep playing without having to worry so much about paying while you get back on your feet.

The program is certainly a nice gesture to those who have been hit by the troubled economy, and a unique offering in the MMO world. If you're eligible, go take advantage of it so you can keep playing with your friends.

Ragnarok Online cares and wants to give you free play time for being laid off originally appeared on Massively on Fri, 25 Dec 2009 18:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Read | Permalink | Email this | Comments

Ragnarok Online II dated for 2010... finally

Seraphina Brennan — Fri, 04 Dec 2009 20:00:00 EST

Filed under: Fantasy, MMO Industry, News Items

Gravity Interactive's first major title in the Western market, Ragnarok Online, is well known for its sugary-sweetness and unforgiving experience curve. While the title proved to be a hit for the developer in the Western and Eastern markets, it's newest brother, Ragnarok Online II, doesn't share the same story.

RO II was released in 2007 to a mass-panning by the Asian market, and the game has undergone some significant revisions in that time, including a change of the engine from Unreal 2.5 to Gamebryo and an update to all of the in-game systems. However, with those systems in place, Gravity has announced that the title will be seeing a 2010 release in the Western market.

Meanwhile, the Ragnarok franchise will be expanded with a social networking game as well, marking Gravity's new focus on the growing social network division of games.

Ragnarok Online II dated for 2010... finally originally appeared on Massively on Fri, 04 Dec 2009 20:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Read | Permalink | Email this | Comments

Ragnarok Online creator to make new MMO in the vein of Ragnarok

Seraphina Brennan — Mon, 30 Nov 2009 23:00:00 EST

Filed under: Fantasy, MMO Industry, New Titles, Ragnarok Online, News Items

At this year's G* Game Expo, in addition to the earlier sexy Blade & Soul gameplay video, it seems that the original creator of Ragnarok Online is working on a new MMO project that he describes as "in the same vein" as Ragnarok.

Gamasutra is reporting that Hakkyu Kim, RO's creator, is working on two new MMOs. One a more basic MMO that features the control of a single character, and another MMO that is done in the 2D sprites/3D backgrounds style of RO, except with a focus on action.

While neither of these games will be a new Ragnarok, as Gravity Interactive holds the license to the Ragnarok series, it's good to see Kim returning to his roots after his work on Granado Espada, more commonly known as Sword of the New World in the US.

Ragnarok Online creator to make new MMO in the vein of Ragnarok originally appeared on Massively on Mon, 30 Nov 2009 23:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Read | Permalink | Email this | Comments

Subscription price lowered for Ragnarok Online in Europe

William Dobson — Fri, 02 May 2008 07:30:00 EST

Filed under: Fantasy, Business Models, Ragnarok Online, News Items

Good news for any Europeans still enjoying Gravity's point-and-click MMORPG Ragnarok Online. Effective immediately, all subscriptions have undergone a price drop, and those with current subscriptions will be entitled to a number of free days play-time. The changes are as follows:

1 Month at €7 instead of €10.90, 10 days free for current subscribers
3 months at €18 instead of €29.70, 30 days free for current subscribers
6 months at €30 instead of €53.40, 70 days free for current subscribers
1 year at €60 instead of €72, and a starter pack offered. Current subscribers get 50 free days.

[Via IGN]

Subscription price lowered for Ragnarok Online in Europe originally appeared on Massively on Fri, 02 May 2008 07:30:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments

Ice Age: the MMO?

Akela Talamasca — Thu, 17 Jan 2008 09:00:00 EST

Filed under: At a glance, Game Mechanics, New Titles, News Items, Opinion, Humor

Right off the top of my head, I can think of at least 5 other CGI-based kids' movies that would make better foundations for an MMO. But that isn't stopping Gravity, the makers of Ragnarok Online, from being excited about landing a 7-year contract to develop a game based on 20th Century Fox's Ice Age franchise.

I'll leave it to you guys to think of ways in which this might be a good idea, but let me offer up my 5 alternates, in no particular order:

Robots -- whether or not you liked the movie, just imagine a world where your entire body is replaceable and upgradeable. Not to mention getting around the resurrection issue; just rebuild yourself!

A Bug's Life -- Think of the faction possibilities! Endless warfare between your mound and other ants who just don't smell right! Also, boss battles are easy to create: any insects bigger than you make formidable enemies.

Finding Nemo -- of course, the obvious disadvantage right up front: there will be at least one mission where you have to protect a baby fish as it makes its way somewhere. The amazing color palette, the limitless variation in undersea fauna, and the depth (no pun intended) of the environments would do nicely to offset that.

The Incredibles -- It's like City of Heroes, but with that elusive, family-friendly Disney touch!

Shrek -- Choose from a huge pool of character types, from Gingerbread Man, to ogre, to Wolf-in-Sheep's-Clothing. Complete each fairy-tale-based quest the way YOU would have done it. Build up your power by enticing characters from all over to live in your kingdom.

See? Easy! Good luck, Gravity. I'm actually eager to see how this will work.

[Via WarCry]

Ice Age: the MMO? originally appeared on Massively on Thu, 17 Jan 2008 09:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Read | Permalink | Email this | Comments

Ragnarok developer waking up to a Bloodymare

Michael Zenke — Fri, 04 Jan 2008 19:00:00 EST

Filed under: Horror, MMO Industry, New Titles, Ragnarok Online, News Items

Gravity Interactive is the developer for the game Ragnarok Online, an extremely popular South Korean title. Gravity has announced that they've been working hard on another title for almost four years now, and it's nothing like the stylized cuteness of Ragnarok. Requiem: Bloodymare is the name of the new game, and it sounds about as different from Ragnarok as night is from day.

The game will make use of the high-tech Havok engine to portray a violent dystopian future. PCs will take the part of creatures forged via magic and technology to kill demons and undead creatures loosed by years of experimentation.

The article at Worlds in Motion includes commentary from Gravity's CEO Peter Kang about the company's goals, and their deliberate decision to move away from their past work. At the moment there's no expected release date, but one would expect to hear something soon; four years is a pretty good amount of game development time.

Ragnarok developer waking up to a Bloodymare originally appeared on Massively on Fri, 04 Jan 2008 19:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Read | Permalink | Email this | Comments

L5 Games looking a lot like Blizzard

Chris Chester — Mon, 10 Dec 2007 11:57:00 EST

Filed under: Business Models, MMO Industry, Ragnarok Online

Forming a new game studio and want to build some instant cred in the industry? Following in the example of other companies who believe anything associated with the Blizzard name turns to gold, Gravity Interactive has announced the formation of a new subsidiary game studio called L5 Games, which is to be staffed by a sizable number of former Blizzard North employees. According to the story over at Gama, as many as half of the new staff has ten or more years of experience in the industry, with credits in such mega-hits as World of Warcraft, Starcraft, Warcraft, and Diablo.

It's not exactly standard practice to flaunt the resumes of new hires in the press, but well... it's Blizzard, alright? Giant Interactive, which plays both publisher and developer roles for Ragnarok Online over in South Korea, is looking to beef up its U.S. operations, which have largely floundered to date, despite their game's unmitigated success overseas. "We intend to develop online games targeting the North American market, one of the fastest growing online gaming markets, with the outstanding developers of L5 Games who have a successful track record and thorough understanding of the culture of the North American market," says Gravity CEO Il-Young Ryu.

While there's a temptation to be snarky about this, the fact of the matter is that they've successfully captured our intention. Now just don't disappoint us.

L5 Games looking a lot like Blizzard originally appeared on Massively on Mon, 10 Dec 2007 11:57:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Read | Permalink | Email this | Comments

Megapublisher Shandra sees 66% profit increase

Samuel Axon — Wed, 28 Nov 2007 20:30:00 EST

Filed under: Aion, Dungeons and Dragons Online, Legend of Mir: The Three Heroes, MapleStory, MMO Industry, Ragnarok Online, News Items

Shandra Interactive Entertainment, the Chinese operator of MapleStory, Dungeons & Dragons Online, The Legend of Mir, and the positively ginormous Ragnarok Online let the world know that its profits for Q3 2007 are up 66% vs. last year and that it is expecting further growth in coming months.

Shandra is the biggest publisher of online games in the Chinese market, and recently reached an agreement with NCsoft by which NCsoft will distribute its new title AION in China through Shandra instead of its old partner in the region, Sina (in which Shandra ironically holds a 20% stake).

Megapublisher Shandra sees 66% profit increase originally appeared on Massively on Wed, 28 Nov 2007 20:30:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Read | Permalink | Email this | Comments